Explain the term contrapasso. To what does this term refer ? what purposes does it serve within the text of Inferno?

what is the novel plz take a picture

i think its a.

an ugly duckling is teased by the other ducklings. when she grows up, however, the ducklings discover that she is a beautiful swan

i believe it is the first choice (1.)

because the major theme is(“both the wild and civilization have rules.”)

and also as u said,( based on what buck learns within the call of the wild, "both the wild and civilization have rules".this is true of humans within society as well.

answers may vary, but my guess based on my personal education it has alwats been 3 or 4