That are taught in math class is a

independent clause
dependent clause

Dependent clause or subordinate clause

Explanation: This is an example of a dependent clause. A clause is just a group of words and it has a subject doing a verb.

This clause does not express a complete thought and it doesn't make any sense on its own which means

it can not stand alone as a sentence.

This sentence is not complete because it is not giving us the full idea of what it is trying to say. This means that it's a subordinate clause.

Dependent clauses and subordinate clauses are the exact same thing. They are just two different ways of saying this.

is that the whole question?

yes the first one is correct .