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Read this passage from chapter 5 of The Prince.

But when cities or countries are accustomed to live under a prince, and his family is exterminated, they, being on the one hand accustomed to obey and on the other hand not having the old prince, cannot agree in making one from amongst themselves, and they do not know how to govern themselves. For this reason they are very slow to take up arms, and a prince can gain them to himself and secure them much more easily.

What features of the passage identify it as using a cause-and-effect structure? Select three options.

The first sentence lists specific conditions followed by what might eventually happen.
The first sentence uses the expressions “on the one hand” and “on the other hand.”
The second sentence starts with the expression “for this reason.”
The second sentence lists potential consequences of the situation described.
The second sentence describes the citizens of the conquered city.

The passage's features that identify it as using a cause-and-effect structure are:

The first sentence lists specific conditions followed by what might eventually happen.

The second sentence lists potential consequences of the situation described.

The second sentence starts with the expression “for this reason.”

Explanation:

To understand this answer we need to analyze them all. First of all, it is very important to know that when we look for cause-and-effect structures we need to read the first sentence and see if it contains an analysis question or thesis. In our case, we have: when cities or countries are accustomed to live under a prince. It settles a situation in which we have a context and a thesis is explained after it:  they, being on the one hand accustomed to obey and on the other hand not having the old prince. Then we obtain the different consequences of this several times saying that they can't govern themselves, or they are to slow to fight or their liberty. Finally the extract "for this reason" establishes the relationship between cause and effect. Explaining the whole idea.

the answer should be a)directions.