Class members are asked to work cooperatively in groups on major course papers. Every member of the group is to receive exactly the asme grade based on the quality of the group's paper. This situation is most likely to lead to .

- Social Loafing.

Explanation:

'Social loafing' is demonstrated as the process which reflects the individual's prone tendency to deploy or exercise fewer efforts on a specific work or task when they are working in a group or a part of it.

In this example, the situation exemplifies 'social loafing' because 'the members of the group receive the exact same grade that is mentioned on the quality paper of the group' which cannot be possible as not every individual possess the similar caliber or capability which implies that 'members of the group are exerting lesser efforts' and not working collaboratively. Such an attitude is considered highly negative which may eventually affect the performance as well as productivity. Therefore, 'social loafing' is the correct answer.

alright, so here, the author clearly thinks that flooding the canyon was a bad idea and is showing bias against it.