Which participle or participial phrase modifies the wrong noun?

“hoping for a few scraps of food”
“whining”
“no begging”
“pushing his plate away from the edge of the table

Look at this dictionary entry: realize (ree-uh-lyz) v. to become completely aware of (something) as a fact; understand without a doubt to make (something desired or anticipated) occur to give real, definite or physical form to a plan, dream, or goal to earn (money or a profit) from a deal which sentence uses the word realize as it is described in the fourth definition? a. mike realized the gravity of the situation only when dalia explained it to him. b. only hard work and perseverance can people realize their dreams. c. he felt that his vision was realized when he finished reading the final draft of the narrative. d. fay's glass paintings are expected to realize a handsome profit. e. dan will realize his goal of going to an ivy league school only if he works hard.