The only answer i don't need is number 1
someone me

the third answer

explanation:

because

caliban is prospero's slave in the shakespear's play "the tempest"

in the quotation from passage, connie willis states that literature is a way for authors from the past to communicate with readers of today. we can read their stories, books, and other texts to learn lessons about life. willis refers to these lessons as messages “from beyond the grave.” willis has a favorable viewpoint about the timelessness of literature.

the answer is culture