Which sentence does not use a gerund?

a)
shopping is my favorite thing to do on the weekend.

b)
nancy enjoys walking around her neighborhood each evening.
eliminate

c)
peter is exercising because he wants to be on the lacrosse team.

d)
libraries are a great place for studying because they are usually quiet.

C) Peter is exercising because he wants to be on the lacrosse team.

Explanation:

A gerund is formed when we add -ing to a verb. It functions as a noun in a sentence, while gerund/gerund phrase can be a subject or an object (direct/indirect) of a sentence. For example, gerund form of the verb 'to read' is reading.

However, gerund should not be confused with continuous tenses. In sentence - Peter is exercising because he wants to be on the lacrosse team, is exercising is not a gerund, but is a verb form, present continuous tense of verb to exercise (verb to be + ing form).

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"solitude is an inner concept rather than an outward one" is the statement among the choices given that  would be included in a summary of paragraph one of society and solitude. the correct option among all the options that are given in the question is the third option or option "c". i hope the answer you.