When readers interpret a story’s events or meaning based on inferences and other textual evidence, they are

Providing a conclusion or inference

Explanation:

When a reader makes her/his conclusions or inferences, it means they are using their reasoning to interpret and deduce the subtleties, nuances, and subtext according to what the text or the story is establishing, based on own experiences.  

When you infer, you can read between the lines and find meaning, which helps to understand the story's purpose.

- "about the claims : -

making a claim is just a fancy way of saying that you're stating your main point.' claims are not just opinions. a claim tells what you think is true about a topic based on your knowledge .

about the country claims : -

a counterclaim is just the opposite of a claim. counterclaims are also provable and supportable by reasons and evidence. not just, 'because i said so.' when you're planning an argument, you need to know what the counterclaim might be so that you can make sure that you disprove it with your reasons and evidence your research." - (catherineroberts)

n arraignment is not a hearing to determine guilt or innocence. it is usually a criminal defendant's first appearance in court