Read the passage from the opinion of the court in dred scott v. sandford, written by justice taney.

the question before us is, whether the class of persons described in the plea in abatement compose a portion of this people, and are constituent members of this sovereignty? we think they are not, and that they are not included, and were not intended to be included, under the word "citizens" in the constitution, and can therefore claim none of the rights and privileges which that instrument provides for and secures to citizens of the united states.

what type of fallacy does this argument represent?

hasty generalization
ad populum
begging the claim
genetic fallacy

The argument represents the "begging the claim" fallacy.

Explanation:

What is the "begging the claim" fallacy?

The "begging the claim" fallacy is a fallacy which implies the conclusion without giving arguments or evidence - it simply jumps to the conclusion, it suggests the question to be asked and it answers it without even making a discussion about it or providing arguments.

Basically, the person assumes the question and then answers it, providing the conclusion for the issue they have identified themselves.

This is illustrated by the following statement in the passage: "the question before us is..." -> how does the speaker know what is the question at stake? Then, the speaker proceeds to giving a conclusion to the statement: "We think they are not, and that they are not included, and were not intended to be included under the word citizens"

-> How does the speaker know this? First, the speaker assumed which was the question, then the speaker assumed they knew what others thought or intended.

This obviously is a fallacy.

c -invasion by the moroccans.

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)