Excerpt from jim smily and his jumping frog
mark twain
well, i called on good natured, garrulous old simon wheeler, and i inquired after your friend leonidas w. smily, as you
requested me to do, and i hereunto append the result. if you can get any information out of it you are cordially welcome to it.
i have a lurking suspicion that your leonidas w. smily is a myth-that you never knew such a personage, and that you only
conjectured that if i asked old wheeler about him it would remind him of his infamous jim smily, and he would go to work
and bore me nearly to death with some infernal reminiscence of him as long and tedious as it should be useless to me. if that
was your design, mr. ward, it will gratify you to know that it succeeded.
what can the reader conclude about the story that simon wheeler is going to tell the narrator?
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the story will be long and tedious.
smily thinks the story is ridiculous.
the story will be short and succinct.
the narrator thinks the story is serious.

a complex sentence consists of an independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.  

to write complex sentences, we must use subordinating conjunctions.  

all the complex sentences begin with a subordinating conjunction and when it occurs, a comma must be place at the end of the dependent clause. on the contrary, if the sentence begins with an independent clause, then no comma is used.

after  

although  

as  

because  

before  

if  

since  

when  

for example,  

after she won the competition, she became very popular.  

although my father was hurt, he continued fighting for his rights.  

as all of you got a ten, you will be able to leave early today.  

before he went to the war, he asked his parents to bless him.  

if it is cold, i won’t go out.  

since you didn’t bring the homework, you will get low grades.  

when it is hot in the town, everyone goes to the beach.  

the puritans believed that god had formed a unique covenant, or agreement, with them. they believed that god expected them to live according to the scriptures, to reform the anglican church, and to set a good example that would cause those who had remained in england to change their sinful ways.