Read the poem.

columbus

by joaquin miller

behind him lay the gray azores,

behind the gates of hercules;

before him not the ghost of shores,

before him only shoreless seas.

the good mate said: “now must we pray,

for lo! the very stars are gone.

brave admiral, speak, what shall i say? ”

“why, say, ‘sail on! sail on! and on! ’”

“my men grow mutinous day by day;

my men grow ghastly wan and weak.”

the stout mate thought of home; a spray

of salt wave washed his swarthy cheek.

“what shall i say, brave admiral, say,

if we sight naught but seas at dawn? ”

“why, you shall say at break of day,

‘sail on! sail on! sail on! and on! ’”

they sailed and sailed, as winds might blow,

until at last the blanched mate said:

“why, now not even god would know

should i and all my men fall dead.

these very winds forget their way,

for god from these dread seas is gone.

now speak, brave admiral, speak and say”—

he said: “sail on! sail on! and on! ”

they sailed. they sailed. then spake the mate:

“this mad sea shows his teeth to-night.

he curls his lip, he lies in wait,

with lifted teeth, as if to bite!

brave admiral, say but one good word:

what shall we do when hope is gone? ”

the words leapt like a leaping sword:

“sail on! sail on! sail on! and on! ”

then, pale and worn, he kept his deck,

and peered through darkness. ah, that night

of all dark nights! and then a speck—

a light! a light! a light! a light!

it grew, a starlit flag unfurled!

it grew to be time’s burst of dawn.

he gained a world; he gave that world

its grandest lesson: “on! sail on! ”

how does the personification in the bolded lines from affect the poem?

question 3 options:

it demonstrates how the ocean looks and reinforces a sense of wonder in the poem.

it suggests impending violence and creates a sense of growing dread in the piece.

it conveys that the sailors have all gone mad and injects humor into the work.

it indicates how badly the sailors longed to be home and gives the poem a wistful tone.