Which sentence from “happiness ” includes an appositive context clue?

The first option: "Well, studies consistently show that people with well-developed interpersonal relationships, or close bonds with other people, always score high in a happiness index."

Explanation:

A context clue is an explanation offered by the author, direct or indirectly, that helps readers understand the meaning of a certain word. The context clue usually comes in the same sentence as the word it refers to, or in a neighboring sentence.

An appositive is a noun or noun phrase that is placed beside another noun or noun phrase with the intention of renaming it. In other words, the appositive gives further information about the noun or phrase it changes. Appositives usually come between two commas, unless they are restrictive.

In the first sentence, we have a context clue given by the author in the form of an appositive. The phrase between commas, ", or close bonds with other people," is placed there to explain the meaning of a previous expression, "well-developed interpersonal relationships." Since it is a non-restrictive appositive, it could be taken out of the sentence without changing the general meaning. Its sole purpose in being included is to offer further explanation about the previous phrase.