Read the excerpt from "george washington." he pursued two intertwined interests: military arts and western expansion. at 16 he survey shenandoah lands for thomas, lord fairfax. commissioned a lieutenant colonel in 1754, he fought the first skirmishes of what grew into the french and indian war. the next year, as an aide to gen. edward braddock, he escaped injury although four bullets ripped his coat and two horses were shot from under him. which is the central idea in this excerpt?
a. as a young man, washington participated in land surveying and fought in the military.
b. washington escaped injury even though four bullets tore his coat and two horses were shot from under him.
c. at the age of sixteen, washington survey shenandoah lands for thomas, lord fairfax.
d. washington was part of skirmishes that eventually became the french and indian war.

Read this excerpt from "herd about the flu." the flu shot prevent huge numbers of infections. even when it doesn't fully prevent infection in every person, the shot makes any flu infection less serious. on a global scale, the vaccine can reduce the number of infections only if most people in the community take it. that's because vaccines need to reach enough people to achieve a "herd immunity," the level of immunity needed to prevent the virus from spreading. if too few people get the vaccine, the people who receive it may not be well protected against infection. so the next time you are at the drugstore, and you see no flu shots available, think about the reasons behind it. drug makers are scared to make too many flu shots because they could lose too much money. they then make fewer flu shots and the effect of the flu shots becomes weaker because not enough people take it. people become more reluctant to take the flu shot since they don't think it will fully work. the demand goes down further and the flu companies make even fewer shots the next year. this could continue until the community changes its mind and we all get the flu shot. "that is a community responsibility," says the president of merck, one of the two remaining flu vaccine manufacturers. which argument best supports the passage's claim that more people should get the flu vaccine to stop the virus from spreading? 1.if too few people get the vaccine, the people who receive it may not be well protected against infection 2. so the next time you are at the drugstore, and you see no flu shots available, think about the reasons behind it. 3.people become more reluctant to take the flu shot since they don’t think it will fully work. 4.drug makers are scared to make too many flu shots because they could lose too much money.