In her book the cultural contradictions of motherhood, sociologist sharon hays describes an ideology she calls intensive motherhood, which is:
a. a growing trend among mothers to be highly authoritarian with their children. b. the difficult period of emotional instability following childbirth, previously known as postpartum depression. c. the way in which grandmothers are now more likely to perform mothering functions for their grandchildren. d. a cultural pressure on women to devote more time, energy, and money to raising their kids.