Read this excerpt from a commentary on the venerable bede, which appears in an introductory chapter of a translation of bede's an ecclesiastical history of the english people.
a characteristic akin to [bede's fairness to opponents] is his love of truth. it shows itself in his scrupulous care [as a historian] in investigating evidence and in acknowledging the sources from which he draws. nowhere is his intellectual honesty more apparent than in dealing with what he believes to be the miraculous element in his history. in whatever way we may regard these anecdotes, there can be no doubt that bede took the utmost pains to assure himself of their . he is careful to acquire, if possible, first-hand evidence; where this cannot be obtained, he scrupulously mentions the lack of it. he admits only the testimony of of high character and generally quotes them by name.

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)

either a donut or a sphere or a pancake or a flat sphere. it depends on where the vertical line is.

if the line goes through the center of the circle and is perpendicular to a diameter containing the center, then you get a flat circle.

if the line and the diameter of a the circle meet in the center of the diameter and at an angle, you get a pancake.

if the line is on the circumference of the circle and is at right angles   to the circle you get a ring.

if the line contains the diameter, you get a sphere.

the the line is parallel to the diameter and touches the circumference, you get a donut.

1. list two reasons why fossil fuels should continue to be used as a source of energy in america.

16.) true

17.) true

18.) no information in the text

19.) false

20.) no information in the text