1. the demonstrative pronouns used to refer to objects far away from the speaker are
2. the demonstrative pronouns used to indicate objects close to the speaker are
3. the singular demonstrative pronouns are
4. the plural demonstrative pronouns are

1. The demonstrative pronouns used to refer to objects far away from the speaker are .

that; those

2. The demonstrative pronouns used to indicate objects close to the speaker are .

this; these

3. The singular demonstrative pronouns are .

this; that

4. The plural demonstrative pronouns are .

these; those

the purpose of the heading in the passage is to identify who is telling the story.

this excerpt is part of the book sugar changed the world (2010) written by marc aronson and marina budhos. as the book has been written by two people, the heading "marc" indicates that this specific excerpt is being narrated by aronson. in the fragment, marc describes his grandfather's story after hearing it from his cousin. however, there are other excerpts where budhos is the one that tells the story of her family.

aronson and budhos, who are husband and wife in real life, decided to write sugar changed the world when they found out how sugar, which had an important role in slavery and economy, changed their ancestors' lives.

answer: the sentence in the text that contains both the topic and the author's single most important idea about the topic

explanation: aww pineapple so adorable