Why was gold so important to people in the gold rush

Life isn’t fair deal with it which of the following best describes the tone of the arrticle

The conventions of a number of the states, having at the time of their adopting the constitution, expressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction or abuse of its powers, that further declaratory and restrictive clauses should be added: and as extending the ground of public confidence in the government, will best ensure the beneficent ends of its institution. what is meant by the phrase "further declaratory and restrictive clauses"?

Gatsby comment that nick looks familiar to him. what surprising connection do they have?