When the hamburger first arrived in the united states it was eaten raw

true because the American hamburger borrowed its name from a dish called Hamburg Style Beef or Hamburg Steak which arrived in the United States from the German city of Hamburg in the 19th century. The dish was nothing more than chopped meat eaten raw.

In the United States from the great German city of Hamburg in the 19th century. The dish was no more than chopped up meat eaten 100% raw.

appeal to ethos is your answer.

when making an inference, the reader should be sure to support the inference with

evidence

a is an educated guess about what will happen.

c. prediction

when new information proves that a reader's prediction is wrong, the reader should

make a new prediction based on the new information.