Read the excerpt from "the discovery of oz, the terrible." "no one knows it but you four—and myself," replied oz. "i have fooled everyone so long that i thought i should never be found out. it was a great mistake my ever letting you into the throne room. usually i will not see even my subjects, and so they believe i am something terrible." "but, i don't understand," said dorothy, in [confusion]. "how was it that you appeared to me as a great head? " "that was one of my tricks," answered oz. "step this way, , and i will tell you all about it." he led the way to a small [hallway] in the rear of the throne room, and they all followed him. he pointed to one corner, in which lay the great head, made out of many thicknesses of paper, and with a carefully painted face. what shaped dorothy's initial perspective of the wizard? the wizard used tricks to fool dorothy and her friends. the wizard refused to let dorothy into the throne room. the wizard showed dorothy the a head made of paper. the wizard came out from behind a secret screen.

Which piece of evidence would best support reason #1? othe history of using animals for research extends asfar back as 322 bce, when early greek physician-scientists, such as aristotle and erasistratus,performed various experiments on living animals.animal research played an essential role in thedevelopment of herceptin and tamoxifen, twomedications that have already saved the lives ofthousands of women who have been diagnosed withbreast cancer.even those who believe in testing on animals when it is hnecessary for vital medical research practice what isknown as "the 3 rs-reduction, refinement, andreplacement to reduce the number of animals usedfor testing.biologists believe that chimpanzees share at least 98.4percent of the same dna as humans and gorillas shareat least 97 percent, making primates a popular andlikely choice for the testing of products intended for humans

In just over one hundred years, between 1701 and 1810, 252,500 enslaved africans were brought to barbados—an island that occupies only 166 square miles (making it, today, one of the smallest countries in the world). the english then set out to conquer more sugar islands, starting with jamaica, which they took from spain in 1655. in the same period that the 252,500 africans were brought to barbados, 662,400 africans were taken to jamaica. thus, sugar drove more than 900,000 people into slavery, across the atlantic, to barbados and jamaica—and these were just two of the sugar islands. the english were eagerly filling antigua, nevis, saint kitts, and montserrat with slaves and sugar mills. they took over much of dutch guiana for the same reason. seeing the fortunes being made in sugar, the french started their own scramble to turn the half of the island of hispaniola that they controlled (which is now haiti), as well as martinique, guadeloupe, and french guiana (along the south american coast near dutch guiana), into their own sugar colonies, which were filled with hundreds of thousands more african slaves. by 1753, british ships were taking average of 34,250 slaves from africa every year, and by 1768, that number had reached 53,100. –sugar changed the world, marc aronson and marina budhos how do the authors use historical evidence to support their claim? x(a) they use secondary sources to show how french and english monarchs were indifferent to enslaved people. x(b)they use secondary sources to show that enslaved people often fought for their freedom after arriving in the caribbean. the answer is: (c)they use facts from primary sources to show how countries increased the number of enslaved people to produce more sugar. x(d)they use primary source interviews to show that countries could make more money in trading sugar without using enslaved people.

Which two sentences in this excerpt from leo tolstoy's the death of ivan ilyich reflect the author's belief that russia's rising middle class was unable to express genuine emotion?