Match external conflict flashback foreshawdowing irony verbal irony situational irony dramatic irony a. the reader or audience knows something that a character does not b. a scene in a narrative that takes the reader back in time to an event that happened before the story began c. something happens that contradicts what the reader, a character, or the audience expects to happen d. person vs. society e. use of clues to hint at an event that will occur later in the narrative f. a contrast or contradiction between appearance and reality, between what was expected and what actually happened, or between meaning and intentio g. a writer or character says something that is the opposite of what that person really means