Measurements of drag force are made on a model automobile in a towing tank filled with fresh water. The model length scale is 1/5 that of the prototype. State the conditions required to ensure dynamic similarity between the model and the prototype. Determine the fraction of the prototype speed in air at which the model test should be made in water to ensure dynamically similar conditions. Measurements made at various speeds show that the dimensionless force ratio becomes constant at model test speeds above 4 m/s. The drag force measured during a test at this speed is 182 N. Calculate the drag force expected on the prototype vehicle operating at 90 km/hr in air.

Amass of 1.5 kg of air at 120 kpa and 24°c is contained in a gas-tight, frictionless piston-cylinder device. the air is now compressed to a final pressure of 720 kpa. during the process, heat is transferred from the air such that the temperature inside the cylinder remains constant. calculate the boundary work input during this process.

Amass of m 1.5 kg of steam is contained in a closed rigid container. initially the pressure and temperature of the steam are: p 1.5 mpa and t 240°c (superheated state), respectively. then the temperature drops to t2= 100°c as the result of heat transfer to the surroundings. determine: a) quality of the steam at the end of the process, b) heat transfer with the surroundings. for: p1.5 mpa and t 240°c: enthalpy of superheated vapour is 2900 kj/kg, specific volume of superheated vapour is 0. 1483 m/kg, while for t 100°c: enthalpy of saturated liquid water is 419kj/kg, specific volume of saturated liquid water is 0.001043m/kg, enthalpy of saturated vapour is 2676 kj/kg, specific volume of saturated vapour is 1.672 m/kg and pressure is 0.1 mpa.

Thermal stresses are developed in a metal when its a) initial temperature is changed b) final temperature is changed c) density is changed d) thermal deformation is prevented e) expansion is prevented f) contraction is prevented