A plain concrete column 14 in. x 14 in. x 10 ft high is subjected to an average stress of 1,000 psi. Compute column shortening in 5 years if the load is applied 2 weeks (14 days) after the concrete is cast. The concrete is 3,500 psi NWC (145 lb/ft3 ), made from Type I cement, and was moist-cured for 5 days. The average relative humidity is 50 percent. Use the ACI 209R method. Assume top and bottom of column are not exposed to the atmosphere.

Air inially occupying a volume of 1 m2 at 100 kpa, 27 c undergoes three internally reversible processes in series. process 1-2 compression to 500 kpa during which pv constant process 2-3 adiabatic expanslon to 100 kpa process 3-1: constant-pressure expansion to 100 kpa (a) calculate the change of entropy for each of the three processes. (b) calculate the heat and work involved in each process. (c) is this cycle a power cycle or refrigeration cycle?