Due to a special consideration for the passage of gas pipes through the steel beams of a bridge, a special pipes was proposed as shown in the accompanying diagram.

a) Determine the plastic section modulus of the section
b) Assuming the yield strength of steel is Fy and the shape factor is 1.2 determine the elastic moment.
S) Explain the philosophy of Limit State Design as regards to elastic and plastic analysis of steel structures.

Amass of m 1.5 kg of steam is contained in a closed rigid container. initially the pressure and temperature of the steam are: p 1.5 mpa and t 240°c (superheated state), respectively. then the temperature drops to t2= 100°c as the result of heat transfer to the surroundings. determine: a) quality of the steam at the end of the process, b) heat transfer with the surroundings. for: p1.5 mpa and t 240°c: enthalpy of superheated vapour is 2900 kj/kg, specific volume of superheated vapour is 0. 1483 m/kg, while for t 100°c: enthalpy of saturated liquid water is 419kj/kg, specific volume of saturated liquid water is 0.001043m/kg, enthalpy of saturated vapour is 2676 kj/kg, specific volume of saturated vapour is 1.672 m/kg and pressure is 0.1 mpa.

The filament of an incandescent lamp has a temperature of 2000k. calculate the fraction of radiation emitted in the visible light band if the filament is approximated as blackbody

Which of the following refers to refers to how well the control system responds to sudden changes in the system. a)-transient regulation b)- distributed regulation c)-constant regulation d)-steady-state regulation