Stirrups are used in a concrete beam: a. to increase the beam's compressive strength.
b. to provide tensile strength in the beam since concrtete's tensile strength is negligible.
c. to increase the tensile strength of the beam beyond that provided by concrete.
d. to provide shear strength in the beam because concrete's shear strength is negligible.
e. to increase the shear strength of the beam beyond that provided by the concrete.

Amixture of slurry and mud is to be pumped through a horizontal pipe of diameter 500 mm. the fluid behaves as a bingham plastic with a yield stress of 30 pa and viscosity 0.04 pa.s. describe the effects of the shear stress through a transverse section of the pipe by plotting the variation in shear stress and velocity profile: (i) just before the slurry starts to move (ii) as the slurry flows when the pressure gradient is double that in part (i)