What risk is posed by moving a flammable liquid through a pipe or opening at or above its flash point

Air is to be cooled in the evaporator section of a refrigerator by passing it over a bank of 0.8-cm-outer-diameter and 0.4-m-long tubes inside which the refrigerant is evaporating at -20°c. air approaches the tube bank in the normal direction at 0°c and 1 atm with a mean velocity of 4 m/s. the tubes are arranged in-line with longitudinal and transverse pitches of sl- st 1.5 cm. there are 30 rows in the flow direction with 15 tubes in each row. determine (a) the refrigeration capacity of this system and (b) pressure drop across the tube bank. evaluate the air properties at an assumed mean temperature of -5°c and 1 atm. is this a good assumption?

Water in a partially filled large tank is to be supplied to the roof top, which is 8 m above the water level in the tank, through a 2.2-cm-internal-diameter pipe by maintaining a constant air pressure of 300 kpa (gage) in the tank. if the head loss in the piping is 2 m of water, determine the discharge rate of the supply of water to the roof top in liters per second.

Asolid steel sphere (k=63.9 w m-1 k-1 , ? =7832 kg m-3 , c=0.523 kj kg-1 k-1 ), 100 mm in diameter is initially at a uniform temperature of 500o c and is suddenly quenched in a large oil bath for which t? = 100o c and h = 3200 w m-2 k-1. estimate the time required for the sphere to cool to 200o c and to 110o c