An ideal gas, consisting of n moles, undergoes an irreversible process in which the temperature has the same value at the beginning and end. If the volume changes from Vi to Vf , the change in entropy is given by:

n R ln(Vf/Vi)

Explanation:

Entropy is the loss of energy available to do work. Entropy is a state function (i.e. it depends only upon the current state of the system and is independent of how that state was prepared).

Since the temperature change of the ideal is constant, hence this is an isothermal expansion of a perfect gas. The change in entropy (ΔS) for an isothermal expansion of a perfect gas is given by:

Where n is the amount of gas molecules in mol and R is the gas constant in JK⁻¹mol⁻¹given by R = k, k is Boltzmann's constant in J K⁻¹ and Avogadro's constant in mol⁻¹. Vf is the final volume and Vi the initial volume.

answer:

d. attempt to find the owner, then leave your information if you cannot find them.

explanation:

d. represents both (b) and (c).

more logical as well.

b and c are to complicated.

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