Consider a step-down (buck) converter where all components are ideal, except the output diode, which has an on-state voltage drop (diode drop) ofVon. The converter is operating in continuous conduction mode (CCM). Derive anexpression for the output voltage in terms of duty cycle, input voltage, and diode drop. Derive a similar expressionfor efficiency. Comment under what conditions the efficiency is much less than 100%

Amass of 3 kg of saturated liquid-vapor mixture of water is contained in a piston-cylinder device at 150 kpa. initially, 1 kg of the water is in the liquid phase and the rest is in the vapor phase. heat is now transferred to the water, and the piston, which is resting on a set of stops, starts moving when the pressure inside reaches 500 kpa. heat transfer continues until the total volume increases by 20 percent. determine (a)-the initial and final temperatures, (b)-the mass of liquid water when the piston first starts moving, and (c)-the work done during this process. d)-show the process on a p-v diagram. you don't need to indicate p& v values, but clearly indicate where all states are located in the phase diagram.