For some transformation having kinetics that obey the Avrami equation (Equation 10.17), the parameter n is known to have a value of 1.1. If, after 129 s, the reaction is 50% complete, how long (total time) will it take the transformation to go to 86% completion?

3.305 * 10 ^ ⁻4

Explanation:

Solution

Given:

We calculate the value of k for which is the dependent variable in Avrami equation

y = 1 - exp (-kt^n)

exp (-kt^n) =1-y

-kt^n = ln (1-y)

so,

k =ln(1-y)/t^n

Now,

we substitute 1.1 for n, 0.50 for y, and 129 s for t

k = ln (1-0.50)/129^1.1

k= 3.305 * 10 ^ ⁻4

oil flow is a highly convective flow compared to water flow at normal temperature and pressure.