Piping layout carrying liquid water at 70°F at a volumetric flow rate of 0.2 is composed of four sections of 4-in. Diameter steel pipe having a total length of 550 ft, three 90" rounded elbows, and a fully open valve. Evaluate Equation 2.31, in if the valve is (a) a globe valve, (b) a gate valve.

Amixture of slurry and mud is to be pumped through a horizontal pipe of diameter 500 mm. the fluid behaves as a bingham plastic with a yield stress of 30 pa and viscosity 0.04 pa.s. describe the effects of the shear stress through a transverse section of the pipe by plotting the variation in shear stress and velocity profile: (i) just before the slurry starts to move (ii) as the slurry flows when the pressure gradient is double that in part (i)