For bending only, determine the lightest-weight Shape to carry a uniform dead load of 4.5 kip/ft plus the beam self-weight and a live load of 3.5 kip/ft on a simple span of 24 ft. Consider only the limit state of yielding and use A992 steel. Design by (a) LRFD and (b) ASD.

Water in a partially filled large tank is to be supplied to the roof top, which is 8 m above the water level in the tank, through a 2.2-cm-internal-diameter pipe by maintaining a constant air pressure of 300 kpa (gage) in the tank. if the head loss in the piping is 2 m of water, determine the discharge rate of the supply of water to the roof top in liters per second.

Along 8-cm diameter steam pipe whose external surface temperature is 900c connects two buildings. the pipe is exposed to ambient air at 70c with a wind speed of 50 km/hr blowing across the pipe. determine the heat loss from the pipe per unit length. (b) air at 500c enters a section of a rectangular duct (15 cm x 20 cm) at an average velocity of 7 m/s. if the walls of the duct are maintained at 100c. a) the length of the tube for an exit temperature of the air to be 40 0c. b)the rate of heat transfer from the air. c) the fan power needed to overcome the pressure drop in this section of the duct.

When subject to a steady load (within elastic range) over a long period of time, what is the major difference in material behavoir between steel and plastic?