You are assigned to determine the maximum design axial load strength of a short, circular column, having a diameter of 18 in. and reinforced with No.9 longitudinal bars. The cover is 1.5 in. and the spiral is No.3 bar spaced 2 in. o. c. Use f'c=3,000 psi, and fy=40,000 psi. 1- What is the maximum design axial load of the above-mentioned column? 2-How much additional axial strength could be provided (in percentage) by using a fy=60,000 psi steel?

A3-mm-thick panel of aluminum alloy (k 177 w/m-k, c 875 j/kg-k and ? = 2770 kg/m) is finished on both sides with an epoxy coating that must be cured at or above t,-150°c for at least 5 min. the production line for the curing operation involves two steps: (1) heating in a large oven with air at ts,0-175°c and a convection coefficient of h, 40 w/m2. k, and (2) cooling in a large chamber with air at 25°c and a con- vection coefficient of he 10 w/m2.k. the heating portion of the process is conducted over a time interval te which exceeds the ime required to reach 150°c by 5 min (h = r + 300 s). the coating has an emissivity of ? = 0.8, and the temperatures of the oven and chamber walls are 175 and 25°c, respectively. if the panel is placed in the oven at an initial temperature of 25°c and removed from the chamber at a safe-to-touch tempera ture of 37°c, what is the total elapsed time for the two-step curing operation?

Air at a pressure of 1atm and a temperature of 40 c is in parallel flow over the top surface of a flat plate that is heated to a uniform temperature of 120 c. the plate has a length of 0.40m (in the flow direction) and a width of 0.15m. the reynolds number based on the plate length is 50, 000. what is the rate of heat transfer from the plate to the air? if the free stream velocity of the air is doubled and the pressure is increased to 10 atm what is the rate of heat transfer?

Steel balls 12 mm in diameter are annealed by heating to 1150 k and then slowly cooled to 400 k in an air att 325 k and h -20 w/m2 k. assume the properties of the steel to be k- 40 w/m k,p 7800 kg/m3, and cp 600 j/kg k. a. determine whether lumped system method can be used to analyze this problem and if so why" b. determine the time required for the cooling process. c. determine the total amount of heat lost from each ball to the ambient air