. An N-type silicon sample has a uniform density Nd = 1016 cm–3 of arsenic, and a P-type sample has Na = 1017 cm–3 . A third sample has both impurities present at the same time. Find the Fermi level in each material at 300 K with respect to either the conduction band edge (Ec) or the valence band edge (Ev).

Along 8-cm diameter steam pipe whose external surface temperature is 900c connects two buildings. the pipe is exposed to ambient air at 70c with a wind speed of 50 km/hr blowing across the pipe. determine the heat loss from the pipe per unit length. (b) air at 500c enters a section of a rectangular duct (15 cm x 20 cm) at an average velocity of 7 m/s. if the walls of the duct are maintained at 100c. a) the length of the tube for an exit temperature of the air to be 40 0c. b)the rate of heat transfer from the air. c) the fan power needed to overcome the pressure drop in this section of the duct.