Assume that a particular temperature probe approximates first-order behavior in a particular application, it has a time constant of 6s, and it is suddenly subjected to a temperature step from an unknown starting point to 400°F. If the termperature indicated after 20 seconds is 387°F, then what was the temperature at the starting point?

A3-mm-thick panel of aluminum alloy (k 177 w/m-k, c 875 j/kg-k and ? = 2770 kg/m) is finished on both sides with an epoxy coating that must be cured at or above t,-150°c for at least 5 min. the production line for the curing operation involves two steps: (1) heating in a large oven with air at ts,0-175°c and a convection coefficient of h, 40 w/m2. k, and (2) cooling in a large chamber with air at 25°c and a con- vection coefficient of he 10 w/m2.k. the heating portion of the process is conducted over a time interval te which exceeds the ime required to reach 150°c by 5 min (h = r + 300 s). the coating has an emissivity of ? = 0.8, and the temperatures of the oven and chamber walls are 175 and 25°c, respectively. if the panel is placed in the oven at an initial temperature of 25°c and removed from the chamber at a safe-to-touch tempera ture of 37°c, what is the total elapsed time for the two-step curing operation?

Asimple rankine cycle uses water as the working fluid. the water enters the turbine at 10 mpa and 480c while the condenser operates at 6 kpa. if the turbine has an isentropic efficiency of 80 percent while the pump has an isentropic efficiency of 70 percent determine the thermal efficiency

Air at a pressure of 1atm and a temperature of 40 c is in parallel flow over the top surface of a flat plate that is heated to a uniform temperature of 120 c. the plate has a length of 0.40m (in the flow direction) and a width of 0.15m. the reynolds number based on the plate length is 50, 000. what is the rate of heat transfer from the plate to the air? if the free stream velocity of the air is doubled and the pressure is increased to 10 atm what is the rate of heat transfer?