A golfer hits a golf ball from point A with an initial velocity of 50m/s at an angle of 25 degrees with the horizontal. Determine the radius of curvature of the trajectory described by the ball at point a.

Aturning operation is performed with following conditions: rake angle of 12°, a feed of 0.35 mm/rev, and a depth of cut of 1.1 mm. the work piece is aluminum alloy 6061 with t6 heat treatment (a16061-t6). the resultant chip thickness was measured to be 1.0 mm. estimate the cutting force, fc. use shear stress of 207 mpa and coefficient of friction on the tool face of 0.6.