Suppose you determined experimentally that a cellular transport system for glucose, driven by a symport of na+, could accumulate glucose inside the cell to concentrations 25 times greater than in the external medium, while the external [na+] was only 10 times greater than the intracellular [na+]. would this violate the laws of thermodynamics? if not, how could you explain this observation? justify your answer

Give heat transfer applications for the following, (i) gas turbines (propulsion) ) gas turbines (power generation). (iii) steam turbines. (iv) combined heat and power (chp). (v) automotive engines

An ideal otto cycle with air as the working fluid has a compression ratio of 8. the minimum and maximum temperatures in the cycle are 300 k and 1340 k. use constant specific heats at room temperature to determine (a) the amount of heat transferred to the air during the heat- addition kj/kg, (b) the thermal efficiency, and (c) the thermal efficiency of a carnot cycle ope limits. process, in rating between the same temperature

Which of the following components of a pid controlled accumulates the error over time and responds to system error after the error has been accumulated? a)- proportional b)- derivative c)- integral d)- on/off.