Calculate the clean bed head loss for the given conditions: temperature = 10 °c, flow rate = 4 mm/s, media is sand with sphericity of 0.8, fixed bed porosity of 0.43 and total depth = 0.90 m. use kozeny equation, but check to ensure that the reynold’s number is acceptable. assume uniform porosity with depth (a good assumption) and thus, the depth of each layer is proportional to the weight fraction.

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design model: consists of design geometry; can be 2d or 3d; typically has a black background.

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understeer generally occurs when the front tyres start slipping while you go around the curve.

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Proctor test

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