For a column that is pinned at both ends, the critical buckling load can be calculated as, pcr = π2 e i /l^2 where e is young's modulus, i is the moment of inertia of the cross sectional area, and l is the length of the column. if e = 200 × 109 n/m^2, i = 21 × 106 mm^4, and l = 12 ft what is the critical buckling load in kip?

For each of the following process: a) sketch the p-v diagram, b)sketch t-s diagram, c) sketch t-v diagram, d) sketch the boundary work on one of the diagrams (a, b or c) and e) sketch the reversible heat transfer on one of the diagrams (a, b or c): 1- isobaric process from compressed liquid to superheated vapor 2- isothermal process from compressed liquid to superheated vapor 3- isentropic process from compressed liquid to superheated vapor