Suppose that a wireless link layer using a csma-like protocol backs off 1ms on average. a packet’s link and physical layer headers are always set at the same bitrate and take a total of 125us to transmit. if a packet is sent with a link layer payload of 1000 bytes at a bitrate of 1mbps, what overhead do the physical and link layers introduce? calculate overhead as the fraction of the complete packet time taken up by backoff and link/physical layer headers.

Acommercial grade cubical freezer, 4 m on a side, has a composite wall consisting of an exterior sheet of 5.0-mm thick plain carbon steel (kst= 60.5 w/m k), an intermediate layer of 100-mm thick polyurethane insulation (kins 0.02 w/m k), and an inner sheet of 5.0- mm thick aluminium alloy (kal polyurethane insulation and both metallic sheets are each characterized by a thermal contact resistance of r 2.5 x 104 m2 k/w. (a) what is the steady-state cooling load that must be maintained by the refrigerator under conditions for which the outer and inner surface temperatures are 25°c and -5°c, respectively? (b) for power saving purpose, which wall material should be increased/reduced in. thickness in order to reduce 50% of the cooling load found in part (a)? redesign the thickness of the proposed material. 177 w/m-k). adhesive interfaces between the q=575.93 w