When powering up the computer, the initial program loading and start-up is performed by using a program that is built permanently into a read-only part of memory for the computer?

The answer is Bootsrap

Explanation:

A bootstrap program which is also referred to as a bootstrap loader is a program that resides in the computer’s Read Only Memory. It starts the whole chain reaction and ends up with the entire OS being loaded. This program reads the computer’s hard drive boot sector and continues with the process of loading the Operating System. It first performs a POST test and then proceeds to load the OS intothe main memory.