What is the informal language that programmers use to create models of programs that have no syntax rules and are not meant to be compiled or executed?

3. (5 points) describe what would be printed by the code below or what error would occur. const char* cstr = "0123456"; const char* ptr = & cstr[4]; cout < < ptr[-1] < < ptr < < endl; 1 4. (5 points) theseus has been trapped in a maze with a minotaur, which is trying to capture him. each round, theseus and the minotaur move through the maze; theseus towards the exit, and the minotaur towards theseus. theseus can move in any of the four cardinal directions, or he can wait for a round to see how the minotaur moves. write code that creates a data type to represent the possible moves that theseus could make.

We as humans write math expression in infix notation, e.g. 5 + 2 (the operators are written in-between the operands). in a computer’s language, however, it is preferred to have the operators on the right side of the operands, i.e. 5 2 +. for more complex expressions that include parenthesis and multiple operators, a compiler has to convert the expression into postfix first and then evaluate the resulting postfix.write a program that takes an “infix” expression as input, uses stacks to convert it into postfix expression, and finally evaluates it. it must support the following operations: + - / * ^ % (example infix expression: (7 - 3) / (2 + 2)postfix expression: 7 3 - 2 2 + /result: 1guidelines: 1. you will need to use stacks in three placesa. one for the parenthesis check [char stack]b. one during infix to postfix [char stack]c. one during evaluation [int stack]for a and b above, you can use same array and same push, pop method as both ofthem are char. but for evaluation you have int stack and you might consider to createanother push pop method to handle it. maybe push_int, pop_int, etc. or find otherstrategy to utilize existing push pop method2. you can create a function for obtaining operator priority. that function should take anoperator as input and return its priority as an integer. this function will you a lot andreduce repeated code3. during evaluation you will need to convert char into integer. example for single digit: char c = '5'; int x = c - '0';

Why is investing in a mutual fund less risky than investing in a particular company's stock? a. mutual funds only invest in blue-chip stocks. b. investments in mutual funds are more liquid. c. mutual funds hold a diversified portfolio of stocks. d. investments in mutual funds offer a higher rate of return.