1. In order to implement the classic DoS flood attack, the attacker must generate a sufficiently large volume of packets to exceed the capacity of the link to the target organization. Consider an attack using ICMP echo request (ping) packets that are 500 bytes in size (ignoring framing overhead). How many of these packets per second must the attacker send to flood a target organization using a 0.5-Mbps link

1. the seasons of the world

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i do not get the question.

only #2 represents an object at rest on a table.

in #1, there is no normal force due to the table; the object is accelerating downward.

in #3, the vertical forces are not balanced; the object is accelerating downward.

in #4, neither the vertical nor the horizontal forces are balanced. the object is accelerating upwards and to the right.