Consider a single-level cache with an access time of 5 ns, a block size of 128 bytes and a hit ratio H = 0.95. Main memory uses a block transfer capability that has a first-word (8 bytes) access time of 100 ns and an access time of 10 ns for each word thereafter. A. What is the access time when there is a cache miss? Assume that the cache waits until the line has been fetched from main memory and re-executes for a hit.

B. Suppose that increasing the block size to 256 bytes increases H to 0.97. Does this reduce the average memory access time?

Which law requires employers to provide safe working environments for their employees? a. civil rights act b. fair labor standards act c. occupational safety and health act d. wagner act

Consider a slotted aloha system, where the time slot equals the fixed duration of each packet. assume that there are 4 stations a,b,c,d sharing the medium. (a) stations a,b,c,d receive one packet each from higher layers at times 1.3, 1.5, 2.6,5.7 respectively. show which transmissions take place when, according to the slottedaloha protocol; describe all transmissions until all four packets have been successful.when needed, each station has access to the following sequence of random number, provided by a random number generator and drawn uniformly between 0 and 1: (1) station a draws numbers: 0.31, 0.27, 0.78, 0.9, 0.9, 0.11, 0. (2) station b draws numbers: 0.45, 0.28, 0.11, 0.83, 0.37, 0.22, 0. (3)station c draws numbers: 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0. (4) station d draws numbers: 0.36, 0.77, 0.9, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0. (b) in slotted aloha, a station transmits in each time slot with a given probability. what probabilities would you assign to each of the four stations so as to: (i) maximize the efficiency of the protocol? (ii) maximize fairness among the four stations? (c) will the efficiency increase or decrease if we modify slotted aloha as follows: (i) get rid of slots and allow stations to transmit immediately? (ii) implement carrier sensing? (iii) implement collision detection? (iv) implement collision avoidance?

Amedian in the road will be marked with a white sign that has a black arrow going to the left of the median. true false