Why programming interface need language translator?

Given the resulting p-values, would you reject or fail to reject the null hypotheses (assuming a 0.05 significance level)? what does your decision mean in the context of this problem? would you proceed with changing the design of the arrow, or would you keep the original design?

What is added to the < meta > tag to describe the encoding type?

You receive an email from an impressive-sounding stranger, professor alexander rothschild renard iii, president of the american institute for scientific political statesmen. he urges you to vote for his presidential candidate choice. this social media red flag is known as