Your program in python must produce the correct results for valid inputs. However, it is not expected to handle
invalid inputs (such as negative values). Thus, it is unnecessary to use selective or repetitive control
statements (ifs and loops) in your program.
The formula for the area A of a circle is A = arwhere r denotes the radius. For this calculation, you will
use the value of it provided in the Python math module. After importing the math module, the name
math. pi represents a close approximation to the value of a.
To estimate the number of plants needed for a flowerbed, divide the area of the flowerbed by the area
needed per plant (the square of the recommended distance between plants) and then truncate this result.
To truncate a value of type float, convert it to a value of type int (using the int function).
The program named example. py that is attached contains example usages of many of the Python
features you will use in this project (with explanations in the comments)

1. the program must provide following functions to extract some statistics. note that the data_list parameter specified in these functions may be the same for all functions or different for different functions—that is your choice. a skeleton file is provided on mirmir. a) open_file()prompts the user to enter a year number for the data file. the program will check whether the year is between 1990 and 2015 (both inclusive). if year number is valid, the program will try to open data file with file name ‘year.txt’, where is the year. appropriate error message should be shown if the data file cannot be opened or if the year number is invalid. this function will loop until it receives proper input and successfully opens the file. it returns a file pointer and year. i. hint: use string concatenation to construct the file name b) read_file(fp)has one parameter, a file pointer read. this function returns a list of your choosing containing data you need for other parts of this project. c) find_average(data_list) takes a list of data (of some organization of your choosing) and returns the average salary. the function does not print anything. hints: i. this is not the average of the last column of data. it is not mathematically valid to find an average by finding the average of averages—for example, in this case there are many more in the lowest category than in the highest category. ii. how many wage earners are considered in finding the average (denominator)

Consider a byte-addressable computer with 16mb of main memory, a cache capable of storing a total of 64kb of data and block size of 32 bytes. (a) how many bits in the memory address? (b) how many blocks are in the cache? (c) specify the format of the memory address, including names and sizes, when the cache is: 1. direct-mapped 2. 4-way set associative 3. fully associative

Knowing that the central portion of link bd has a uniform cross sectional area of 800 mm2 , determine the magnitude of the load p for which the normal stress in link bd is 50 mpa. (hint: link bd is a two-force member.) ans: p = 62.7 kn