Explain why a lightly loaded Fast- or Gigabit Ethernet (‘as is’, without IEEE 1588 or VLANs), can be considered deterministic enough for most industrial systems.

the correct option is (d) vin label

vin stands for vehicle information number. this is a thin metallic plate attached to the engine of the vehicle and it includes all the important information which are related to the vehicle. it also provides the information whether the vehicle has been stolen or not because the replacement and alternation of vin number creates difference in the exact number printed on the vin and carved on the engine.