Suppose N people want to communicate with each of N – 1 other people using symmetric key encryption. All communication between any two peo- ple, i and j, is visible to all other people in this group of N, and no other per- son in this group should be able to decode their communication. How many keys are required in the system as a whole? Now suppose that public key encryption is used. How many keys are required in this case?

Consider a direct-mapped cache with 216 words in main memory. the cache has 16 blocks of 8 words each. it is a word-addressable computer (rather than a byte-addressable computer which we normally discuss). (a) how many blocks of main memory are there? (b) what is the format of a memory address as seen by the cache, that is, what are the sizes of the tag, cache block, and block offset fields (if they apply)? (c) to which cache block will the memory reference db6316 map?

How can you tell if someone sent you a text message to your email instead of a email

Donna and her team of five have invented a new gadget for the science exhibition in their college. which intellectual property right will protect their invention?