You are given 4-bit ripple carry adders and logic gates you have learnt about in the class (AND, OR, NOT, XOR, XNOR, NAND, NOR). Construct a 12-bit adder/subtractor from the provided components. An input S will determine the type of operation. If S=0, it should add, otherwise subtract. You can use black boxes to represent 4-bit adders for this part of the question.

the answer to your question would be something called hertz. the unit of measurement called a hertz, which is one cycle per second, is used to measure clock speed. within one cycle, your computer processes, refreshes, or updates itself to the changes that it is going through. in the case of computer clock speed, one hertz equals one tick per second. the clock speed of computers is usually measured in megahertz (mhz) or gigahertz (ghz)

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