Consider sending a large file from a host to another over a TCP connection that has no loss. Suppose TCP uses AIMD for its congestion control without slow start. Assuming cwnd increases by 1 MSS every time a batch of ACKs is received and assuming approximately constant round-trip times, how long does it take for cwnd increase from 6 MSS to 12 MSS (assuming no loss events)

It will take 6RTTs.

Explanation:

1 RTT is required to go from 6 MSS to 7 MSS and 1 RTT is reuired to go from 7 MSS to 8 MSS and so on. So, in total 6RTTs are required.

solution:

this situation is called an ip conflict.

data from a server is sent in small bits called packets. in an ip conflict, some packets will end up in one computer while some other packets will end up in another computer.

so…overall none of the computers get the data as the original message or picture being sent by the server cannot be retrieved with only half the packets. so it will show up as an error.

thus the final answer is d.