The process by which information gets into memory storage is called

Encoding

Explanation:

Encoding is the first out of the four steps of turning information into long-term memory in our brain. Encoding involves attending to information, taking it in, and then processing it before we get it into memory. This information is then stored within the brain for later retrieval. When we listen, we pay attention. This attention drives the process of encoding. We can encode information based on various things like, meaning, sound, and visuals.

only #2 represents an object at rest on a table.

in #1, there is no normal force due to the table; the object is accelerating downward.

in #3, the vertical forces are not balanced; the object is accelerating downward.

in #4, neither the vertical nor the horizontal forces are balanced. the object is accelerating upwards and to the right.