Because of the known risks of the UNIX password system, the SunOS-4.0 documentation recommends that the password file be removed and replaced with a publicly readable file called /etc/publickey. An entry in the file for user A consists of a user’s identifier IDA, the user’s public key, PUa, and the corresponding private key PRa. This private key is encrypted using DES with a key derived from the user’s login pass- word Pa. When A logs in, the system decrypts E(Pa, PRa) to obtain PRa. a. The system then verifies that Pa was correctly supplied. How? b. How can an opponent attack this system?

Eye injuries usually occur as a result of all of the following things, except: a) proper machine operation b) battery explosion c) falling or flying debris d) electric welding arc

Consider a slotted aloha system, where the time slot equals the fixed duration of each packet. assume that there are 4 stations a,b,c,d sharing the medium. (a) stations a,b,c,d receive one packet each from higher layers at times 1.3, 1.5, 2.6,5.7 respectively. show which transmissions take place when, according to the slottedaloha protocol; describe all transmissions until all four packets have been successful.when needed, each station has access to the following sequence of random number, provided by a random number generator and drawn uniformly between 0 and 1: (1) station a draws numbers: 0.31, 0.27, 0.78, 0.9, 0.9, 0.11, 0. (2) station b draws numbers: 0.45, 0.28, 0.11, 0.83, 0.37, 0.22, 0. (3)station c draws numbers: 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0. (4) station d draws numbers: 0.36, 0.77, 0.9, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0. (b) in slotted aloha, a station transmits in each time slot with a given probability. what probabilities would you assign to each of the four stations so as to: (i) maximize the efficiency of the protocol? (ii) maximize fairness among the four stations? (c) will the efficiency increase or decrease if we modify slotted aloha as follows: (i) get rid of slots and allow stations to transmit immediately? (ii) implement carrier sensing? (iii) implement collision detection? (iv) implement collision avoidance?

How to do this programming flowchart?